Phylogenomics of monkey orchids Dracula (Pleurothallidinae) using target capture sequencing

Resumen

The genus Dracula encompasses approximately 130 orchid species, primarily found in the high-elevation cloud forests of the northern Andes. These orchids are characterized by restricted distributions, ecological specificity, and susceptibility to illegal trade, making them highly vulnerable to extinction. We reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny using target capture sequencing of ~900 nuclear markers from 92 species. Phylogenies were inferred using a multi-step approach, including de novo assembly, alignment, and phylogenetic analysis with both gene tree and species tree methods. Results revealed significant morphological homoplasy and non-monophyletic subgeneric groups. We identified 13 distinct clades, many of which are geographically structured, such as an eastern Andean clade and a Central American clade. Some clades exhibit morphological convergence, as seen in broad-leaved species with parallel labellar lamellae. While the backbone of the phylogeny is better resolved than any previous study, relationships among few clades remain uncertain. Our study provides evidence of hybridization, particularly in species-rich regions, highlighting the dynamic evolutionary processes within Dracula. Some species exhibit ambiguous phylogenetic positions, suggesting natural or spontaneous hybrid origins. These findings underscore the ecological and evolutionary significance of Dracula as a key bioindicator for cloud forest health. To protect this iconic genus and its threatened habitats, urgent conservation strategies informed by evolutionary insights are imperative.

Citation: Arias, T., Eserman, L., Pasik, A., Parra-Sánchez, E., Rominiecki, L., Iturralde, G.A., Peláez-Restrepo, N., Meyer, G. & Baquero, L. 2025. Phylogenomics of monkey orchids Dracula (Pleurothallidinae) using target capture sequencing. Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 46 (Número especial 1): 59.  

Trabajo presentado en el XIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica. Sesión Sistemática, Filogenia, Biogeografía y Evolución.