Impactos persistentes en comunidades de nemátodos de vida libre de la bahía de la Habana
Análisis comparativo entre los años 2006 y 2016
Palabras clave:
contaminación, sedimentos, bahía de bolsa, meiobentos, nemátodosResumen
La bahía de la Habana es uno de los sistemas estuarinos más contaminados del mundo debido a la influencia negativa de desechos urbanos e industriales originados en la ciudad de la Habana. El impacto sostenido de la contaminación durante décadas prácticamente ha defaunado el sistema bentónico lo que dificulta el monitoreo de la calidad ambiental. En este trabajo se comparan las comunidades de nemátodos de vida libre entre los años 2006 y 2016 para evaluar los cambios en los sedimentos y estimar si la calidad ambiental ha mejorado en el lapso de 10 años. Los nemátodos fueron colectados en cuatro sitios en la Bahía en 2006 y 2016 e identificados hasta nivel de especie empleando la misma metodología. La bahía de La Habana ha mejorado algunas variables ambientales en 2016 comparado con 2006. Sin embargo, persisten efectos negativos y sinérgicos sobre la nematofauna como hipoxia y toxicidad por metales pesados e hidrocarburos del petróleo. Los nemátodos tuvieron comunidades empobrecidas y dominadas por dos especies cosmopolitas, detritívoras y tolerantes: Terschellingia longicaudata y Sabatieria pulchra. La síntesis de la información ambiental indica que la calidad ambiental de la bahía de la Habana continúa siendo precaria y que existe la necesidad de reformular el programa de mitigación dado que la reducción de la contaminación no ha mejorado significativamente a las comunidades bentónicas.
Recibido: 29.5.2019 Aceptado: 14.10.2019
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