Análisis de la aplicabilidad del Maslach Burnout Inventory para orientar decisiones pedagógicas sobre burnout académico
Palabras clave:
burnout académico, MBI-SS, educación superior, decisiones pedagógicas, bienestar estudiantilResumen
El estudio analizó la aplicabilidad del Maslach Burnout Inventory en población universitaria y su potencial para orientar decisiones pedagógicas relacionadas con el burnout académico. Se desarrolló una revisión integrativa de literatura, con enfoque cualitativo, alcance descriptivo-analítico y propositivo, siguiendo criterios PRISMA 2020 y consultando Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO y Redalyc durante 2020-2026. Los resultados evidenciaron prevalencias relevantes de agotamiento, cinismo y baja eficacia académica, así como adecuada consistencia interna y validez estructural del MBI-SS en diversos contextos, incluido Ecuador. También se identificaron asociaciones entre burnout, satisfacción con los estudios, carga académica, compromiso e intención de abandono. Se concluye que el MBI-SS posee utilidad potencial como herramienta complementaria de detección y análisis, capaz de aportar información para revisar cargas, metodologías, tutorías y procesos de acompañamiento, siempre que sus resultados se interpreten de forma contextualizada y no se utilicen como diagnóstico clínico dentro de estrategias institucionales preventivas de educación superior.
Descargas
Citas
Abraham, A., Chaabna, K., Sheikh, J. I., Mamtani, R., Jithesh, A., Khawaja, S., & Cheema, S. (2024). Burnout increased among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 14, 2569. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52923-6
Aguayo-Estremera, R., Cañadas, G. R., Ortega-Campos, E., Ariza, T., & De la Fuente-Solana, E. I. (2023). Validity evidence for the internal structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey: A comparison between classical CFA model and the ESEM and the bifactor models. Mathematics, 11(6), 1515. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11061515
Bakker, A. B., & Mostert, K. (2024). Study Demands–Resources Theory: Understanding student well-being in higher education. Educational Psychology Review, 36, 92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09940-8
Cuevas-Caravaca, E., Sánchez-Romero, E. I., & Antón-Ruiz, J. A. (2024). Academic burnout, personality, and academic variables in university students. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 14(6), 1561–1571. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14060103
Hernández-Mariano, J. Á., Hurtado-Salgado, E., Velázquez-Núñez, M. D. C., & Cupul-Uicab, L. A. (2024). Prevalence of academic burnout among nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Nursing Education, 63(8), 533–539. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20240502-04
Jagodics, B., & Szabó, É. (2023). Student burnout in higher education: A demand-resource model approach. Trends in Psychology, 31, 757–776. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00137-4
Kaggwa, M. M., Kajjimu, J., Sserunkuma, J., Najjuka, S. M., Atim, L. M., Olum, R., Tagg, A., & Bongomin, F. (2021). Prevalence of burnout among university students in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256402. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256402
Liu, Z., Xie, Y., Sun, Z., Liu, D., Yin, H., & Shi, L. (2023). Factors associated with academic burnout and its prevalence among university students: A cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education, 23, 317. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04316-y
Madigan, D. J., & Glandorf, H. L. (2026). Student burnout and educational dropout: A systematic review and meta-analysis of dropout behavior and intentions. Educational Psychology Review, 38, 92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-026-10191-y
Madigan, D. J., Kim, L. E., & Glandorf, H. L. (2024). Interventions to reduce burnout in students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39, 931–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-023-00731-3
Obregon, M., Luo, J., Shelton, J., Blevins, T., & MacDowell, M. (2020). Assessment of burnout in medical students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey: A cross-sectional data analysis. BMC Medical Education, 20, 376. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02274-3
Olson, N., Oberhoffer-Fritz, R., Reiner, B., & Schulz, T. (2023). Study related factors associated with study engagement and student burnout among German university students. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1168264. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168264
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Qiang, J., He, X., Xia, Z., Huang, J., & Xu, C. (2024). The association between intolerance of uncertainty and academic burnout among university students: The role of self-regulatory fatigue and self-compassion. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1441465. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1441465
Salmela-Aro, K., Upadyaya, K., Ronkainen, I., & Hietajärvi, L. (2022). Study burnout and engagement during COVID-19 among university students: The role of demands, resources, and psychological needs. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23, 2685–2702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00518-1
Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Marques Pinto, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
Wang, X., Yang, M., Ren, L., Wang, Q., Liang, S., Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Q., Huang, S., Xie, K., Liu, J., Li, X., & Wu, S. (2024). Burnout and depression in college students. Psychiatry Research, 335, 115828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115828
Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 546–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
Wongtrakul, W., Dangprapai, Y., Saisavoey, N., & Sa-nguanpanich, N. (2023). Reliability and validity study of the Thai adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey among preclinical medical students at a medical school in Thailand. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1054017. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1054017.
Zumárraga-Espinosa, M., & Cevallos-Pozo, G. (2023). Estudio psicométrico del Inventario de Burnout Académico de Maslach (MBI-SS) en el contexto universitario ecuatoriano. Ansiedad y Estrés, 29 (2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.5093/anyes2023a9
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Diego Francisco Acuña Llanganate, Verónica Fernanda Hurtado Flores, Rossy Leonela Ferrin Sabando, Jenny Cabello Castillo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2Nf0GWoAAAAJ&hl=es 
