Factores de riesgo ergonómico y trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo en docentes universitarios usuarios de computadoras
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ergonomía ocupacional, trastornos musculoesqueléticos, docencia universitaria, evaluación postural, carga biomecánicaResumen
Este estudio analiza la relación entre factores de riesgo ergonómico, exposición prolongada a computadoras y trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) en docentes universitarios mediante un diseño transversal analítico con muestreo censal. Se aplicaron los métodos RULA, REBA, ROSA y OWAS, junto con el Cuestionario Nórdico, para construir un Índice Ergonómico Compuesto (IEC) que integra y pondera dimensiones de carga postural y condiciones del puesto. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva, correlaciones y modelos logísticos multivariables con regularización LASSO y bootstrap (1.000 repeticiones), mejorando la estabilidad y capacidad predictiva. El 68% presentó TME, principalmente en cuello y zona lumbar. El IEC y las horas frente a pantalla se asociaron significativamente con mayor riesgo, mientras la actividad física mostró efecto protector. El modelo final alcanzó un AUC de 0.82, evidenciando alta capacidad discriminativa. Se concluye que el IEC es útil para monitorear riesgos y orientar intervenciones ergonómicas en entornos académicos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Juan Pablo Morales Corozo, Iter Patricio Varela Cevallos, Darwin Eloy Mero Salazar, Ingrid María Quiroz Zambrano
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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